nNonspecific malignant features- bone destruction without remodeling, ST mass, etc.

 

nCannot be distinguished reliably from other malignant tumors (lymphoma, MEC, undifferentiated)

 

nSCCa 80-90% of sinonasal malignancies, asymptomatic until advanced, frequently initially misdiagnosed (chronic sinusitis)

 

nNickel exposure, other toxins, XRT, immunosuppression

 

nOverall 25-30% fysr

 

nStaging- Ohngren’s line joins medial canthus and mandible angle

 

nT1- limited to antrum, T2- limited to infrastructure (below Ohngren’s), T3- adjacent invasion, T4- orbit, crib plate,

post ethmoid/sphenoid, NP, soft palate, skull base